Go’s Handy ioutils Package

One thing I find myself often doing in just about any programming language I use is reading and writing small text files. We're talking text files that are only a few dozen lines long. Go provides the io/ioutils package for quickly reading and writing files.

The two frequent use cases I have are these:

• Take a string or []byte and write it to a file.
• Read a file into a string or []byte

And there's a third case that comes up surprisingly often, too:

• Take any old io.Reader and read its entire contents into a []byte or string

These are actually very simple Go operations provided by the io/ioutils package. To illustrate, here's a simple program that starts with a string and file name, writes a file, and then reads the same file two different ways.

package main

import (
    "os"
    "io/ioutil"
)

func main() {

    // Write a new file
    name := "test.txt"
    contents := []byte("These are the contents of the file.")
    if err := ioutil.WriteFile(name, contents, 0755); err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    // Read the entire contents of a file into a []byte
    results, err := ioutil.ReadFile(name)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    println(string(results))

    // Or another useful tool:
    reader, err := os.Open(name)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    results, err = ioutil.ReadAll(reader)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    reader.Close()
    println(string(results))



}

The highlights of this are:

1. The iotul.WriteFile() call, which takes a string name, a []byte body, and an os.FileMode (I cheated and just set its permission bits.)
2. The ioutil.ReadFile() function, which takes a filename and reads its contents, returning them as a []byte
3. The ioutil.ReadAll() function, which takes any old io.Reader (in this case an os.File) and reads its entire contents into a []byte.

The io/ioutil package has a few other useful functions. Along with these utilities, the bytes.Buffer is another useful tool for working with chunks of data. Among other things, it provides a simple way for turning a string or []byte into a io.Reader.